IDENTIFICATION OF EXTERNAL FORCES ACTING ON RETAINING WALL BY EK-WGI METHOD

Reducing the Forces Caused by Earthquake on Retaining Walls Using Granulated Rubber-Soil Mixture

In recent years, various studies have been undertaken on how to use waste materials in civil engineering projects. Among waste materials, waste rubber has been highlighted to be used for different purposes such as reinforcing of soil and making of reinforced slopes. To investigate the properties of granulated rubber-soil mixture and its application in making of slopes behind retaining walls, so...

OPTIMAL DESIGN OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL USING DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION ALGORITHM

Optimal design of cantilever reinforced concrete retaining wall can lead considerable cost saving if its involvement in hill road formation and railway line formation is significant.  A study of weight reduction optimization of reinforced cantilever retaining wall subjected to a sloped backfill using Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA) is carried out in the present research.  The r...

a prediction of forces acting on chisel plow tine through dimensional analysis method (dimensional analysis approach)

this study was conducted to develop the appropriate equations for predicting draft and vertical forces on a chisel tine using dimensional analysis technique. tests were carried out in the soil laboratory of the agricultural engineering research institute, karaj, iran. the effects of four levels of rake angle (10, 15. 20 and 25degrees), three levels of forward speed (1.5, 3, and 4.5 kmh-1 )and t...

Distribution of lateral active earth pressure on a rigid retaining wall under various motion modes

The design of retaining walls depends on the magnitude of active pressure exerted from the backfill. Therefore, estimating the scale of this pressure is a fundamental factor in the design. In this study, to assess the active earth pressure, a rigid retaining wall was built capable of translating and/or rotating with adjustable speed. Further, several physical tests were conducte...

Aerodynamic Forces Acting on Valve Discs